What is the only reversible stage of periodontal disease?

Gingivitis is recognized as the only reversible stage of periodontal disease because it primarily involves inflammation of the gums without the loss of supportive structures such as bone and connective tissue. At this stage, the underlying tooth support remains intact, and if proper dental hygiene is implemented, the inflammation can be resolved, leading to a return to a healthy state.

In contrast, periodontitis represents a more advanced stage of periodontal disease where inflammation has led to the destruction of the supportive structures, including alveolar bone loss, making it irreversible in most cases. Calculus, which consists of tartar buildup on teeth, is a byproduct of poor dental hygiene and can contribute to periodontal disease but is not classified as a stage of the disease itself. Alveolar bone loss indicates the progression of periodontal disease and signifies irreversible damage that cannot be restored to its original state. Therefore, gingivitis stands out as the only stage that can be completely reversed with appropriate dental care.