What is included in stage 1 of periodontal disease?

Stage 1 of periodontal disease is characterized by gingivitis, which is inflammation of the gums without any attachment loss. At this stage, the primary concern is the presence of dental plaque and calculus, leading to swollen and red gums, possibly exhibiting bleeding during brushing or probing. However, the periodontal attachment, which connects the gum to the tooth, remains intact. This distinction is essential as it represents a reversible state where early intervention, such as professional dental cleaning and improved oral hygiene, can restore the health of the periodontal tissues without any permanent damage to the supporting structures of the teeth.

Stages beyond this involve increasing severity, including the onset of attachment loss, mobility, and more advanced conditions such as furcation exposure, which are associated with increased disease progression. Studying stage 1 is critical for emphasizing the importance of early detection and management of periodontal disease to prevent progression to more severe stages.