During a physical examination, which of the following are you looking for?

The focus on the stage of periodontal disease during a physical examination is crucial because periodontal disease is one of the most common dental problems seen in small animals. This condition involves the inflammation and infection of the supporting structures of the teeth, which can lead to significant health issues if not addressed promptly. Identifying the stage of periodontal disease helps determine the appropriate treatment protocol, ranging from dental cleanings to more advanced interventions, based on how much damage has occurred to the gums and bone surrounding the teeth.

In contrast to the other options, while signs of dental caries, missing teeth, and oral tumors may be important to note during an examination, they do not encompass the comprehensive assessment of dental health that periodontal disease does. Missing teeth might be an indication of periodontal disease but is only a singular aspect of dental health. Signs of dental caries, though relevant, are less common in small animals compared to periodontal disease. Oral tumors, meanwhile, require a different diagnostic approach and are not a direct component of assessing dental health. Focusing on the stage of periodontal disease provides a more thorough evaluation of the animal's overall dental condition.